Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt, a prominent figure in Alabama's political history, was a man of complexity and controversy. Born in 1834, Hewitt's early career as a lawyer and his service in the Confederate Army during the Civil War laid the groundwork for a tumultuous yet impactful tenure in the U.S. Congress.
Throughout the 1870s and 1880s, his legislative actions on pivotal issues such as veterans' pensions and railroad regulation ignited fervent debates. Despite the polarizing nature of his decisions, Hewitt's influence on Alabama's political landscape remains indelible.
This article delves into the multifaceted life and intricate legacy of Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt, shedding light on the enduring impact of his political career and the controversies that continue to resonate in Alabama's history.
Key Takeaways
- Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt had a diverse and interesting life, including his early education in law and his service in the Confederate Army during the Civil War.
- He had a successful political career, serving in the Alabama House of Representatives, the State Senate, and the U.S. Congress.
- Hewitt introduced legislation related to pensions for veterans and had controversial stances on issues such as Confederate pensions, railroad regulation, and currency.
- After retiring from Congress, Hewitt continued to practice law until his death in 1895, leaving behind a legacy of political and legal contributions.
Early Life and Education
Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt was born on February 14, 1834, near Elyton, Jefferson County, and was the grandson of Revolutionary War veteran Goldsmith Hewitt Sr. He pursued his legal education under William Swearingen Mudd in Elyton before attending the prestigious Lebanon School of Law in Tennessee.
In 1856, he was admitted to the state bar and commenced his legal career at the law firm of Ernest and Earle. Hewitt's dedication to legal expertise was evident as he diligently studied and practiced law. His reverence for the rule of law was undoubtedly influenced by his lineage, as the grandson of a Revolutionary War veteran.
This early education and exposure to legal matters laid the foundation for his illustrious career in both law and politics.
Civil War Service
During the Civil War, Hewitt demonstrated his commitment to the Confederate cause by enlisting as a private in Company B of the 10th Alabama Infantry Regiment, subsequently rising to the rank of captain in Company G of the 28th Alabama Infantry Regiment.
His battle experiences included significant engagements such as the Peninsula Campaign, the Battle of Seven Pines, and the Battle of Chickamauga, in which he was wounded.
Hewitt's service had a profound impact on the local community, as he exemplified bravery and dedication to the Southern cause. His leadership and sacrifices during the war solidified his standing within the community, laying the foundation for his later political career.
Hewitt's Civil War service not only influenced his personal and professional life but also left a lasting impression on the local community's perception of him.
Political Career
In 1870, Hewitt commenced his political career by being elected to the Alabama House of Representatives for two consecutive terms.
Throughout his tenure, Hewitt achieved several political successes, including serving in the State Senate from 1872 to 1874 and being elected to the U.S. Congress, representing Alabama's Sixth Congressional District in 1874.
He continued to serve in the 44th and 45th Congresses from 1874 to 1879 and was reelected for the 47th and 48th Congresses from 1881 to 1885.
However, Hewitt's political career was not without controversies. His legislative actions, such as introducing pensions for veterans of the Mexican-American War and Native American conflicts, and opposing the Interstate Commerce Act, stirred debates and divided opinions.
Despite these controversies, Hewitt's impact on Alabama's political landscape remains a significant part of his controversial legacy.
Legislative Actions
How did Hewitt's legislative actions shape his controversial legacy in Alabama's political history?
Hewitt's stance on pension legislation and his opposition to the Interstate Commerce Act significantly influenced his legacy.
His introduction of legislation to provide pensions for veterans of the Mexican-American War and Native American conflicts demonstrated his commitment to honoring military service.
However, his vote to repeal an act forbidding pensions for Confederate veterans sparked intense debate and contributed to his controversial image.
Additionally, Hewitt's opposition to the bill that would become the Interstate Commerce Act, which aimed to regulate railroads, reflected his position on federal government intervention in economic matters.
These legislative actions underscored Hewitt's complex and divisive political legacy, leaving a lasting impact on Alabama's political history.
Marriage and Personal Loss
Following the death of his first wife Sarah during the Civil War, Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt remarried and continued to pursue his political and legal career. Despite the personal tragedies he faced, Hewitt's marriage and personal loss had a significant impact on his life and legacy.
Hewitt's remarriage reflected his resilience and determination to move forward after personal tragedy. His decision to enter into a new marriage shows his ability to find hope and happiness amid difficult circumstances.
His personal losses likely influenced his legislative actions and decisions during his political career. It is reasonable to assume that the pain and heartache he experienced shaped his perspective and priorities, leading him to advocate for policies that could prevent others from experiencing similar hardships.
The support and companionship of his second wife played a crucial role in Hewitt's ability to navigate through personal hardships and continue his professional pursuits. Having a loving partner by his side provided him with the emotional support and stability he needed to persevere and succeed.
Hewitt's ability to overcome personal tragedy and find happiness in his personal life while maintaining a successful career demonstrates his strength of character and determination. Despite the challenges he faced, he managed to create a fulfilling life and leave a lasting impact on those around him.
Later Political Contributions
After his tenure in the U.S. Congress, Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt continued to make political contributions at the state level, solidifying his impact on Alabama's legislative landscape.
Hewitt's later political career was marked by controversial voting decisions, particularly concerning veterans' pensions. He introduced legislation to provide pensions for veterans of the Mexican-American War and Native American conflicts, showing his commitment to honoring their service.
However, his vote to repeal an act that forbade pensions for Confederate veterans stirred significant debate and division. This decision underscored the complexities of his legacy, reflecting his support for some veterans while generating opposition from others.
Hewitt's impact on veterans' pensions remains a topic of historical discussion, showcasing the enduring influence of his legislative actions on Alabama's societal fabric.
Controversial Stances
Despite his notable contributions to veterans' pensions, Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt's political career was marked by controversial stances that sparked significant debate and division.
- Confederate Veterans Pensions
Hewitt's advocacy for pensions for Confederate veterans stirred controversy, with some praising his efforts to support those who fought for the Confederacy, while others criticized it as a divisive stance given the country's efforts at reconciliation post-Civil War.
- Opposition to the Interstate Commerce Act
Hewitt's opposition to the Interstate Commerce Act, which aimed to regulate railroad practices, created a divide among his colleagues and constituents, with some viewing it as a pro-business stance and others as an obstruction to progress in regulating the rail industry.
Hewitt's polarizing positions on these issues left a lasting impact on his legacy.
Legacy and Death
Hewitt's legacy and impact on Alabama's political landscape can be seen in his continued influence on veterans' issues and the ongoing debates surrounding his opposition to the Interstate Commerce Act.
His funeral arrangements were met with solemnity and respect, reflecting his enduring impact on the local community. As a prominent figure in both state and federal politics, his passing marked the end of an era and invoked reflection on his contributions and controversies.
Hewitt's influence on veterans' issues continued to shape the political discourse long after his death, illustrating the lasting impact of his legislative actions. His opposition to the Interstate Commerce Act remained a topic of debate, underscoring the enduring relevance of his stance.
While his life was colored with controversy, his death prompted a reflective examination of his complex and multifaceted legacy.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Were Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt's Hobbies and Interests Outside of His Political Career?
Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt's hobbies and interests outside of his political career included engaging in outdoor adventures such as hunting and fishing. He also dedicated himself to philanthropic endeavors, supporting various charitable causes and community development initiatives.
Did Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt Have Any Siblings or Other Close Family Members?
Did Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt have any siblings or other close family members? Yes, Hewitt had siblings, but specific details are limited. His personal life was overshadowed by his Civil War service and political career.
How Did Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt's Experiences in the Civil War Influence His Later Political Decisions?
Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt's experiences in the Civil War significantly influenced his later political decisions. His military service shaped his legislative actions, particularly regarding pensions for veterans and his opposition to certain federal regulations and land sales.
What Was the Reaction of the Public to Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt's Controversial Stances on Legislative Issues?
Public reaction to Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt's controversial legislative stances varied. Some admired his defiance, while others labeled him divisive. His opposition to the Interstate Commerce Act and stance on currency issues stirred public opinion, shaping his legacy.
Are There Any Monuments or Memorials Dedicated to Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt's Legacy in Alabama?
There are no monuments or memorials dedicated to Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt's legacy in Alabama. Despite his controversial legislative stances, there's no public commemoration of his contributions to the state's history.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Goldsmith Whitehouse Hewitt's political career left a lasting impact on Alabama's history. Despite controversies surrounding his legislative actions and stances on various issues, Hewitt's influence on the state's political and legal spheres cannot be overlooked.
His legacy continues to resonate in Alabama, with his contributions shaping the state's political landscape. An interesting statistic to note is that during his time in the U.S. Congress, Hewitt sponsored over 50 pieces of legislation, showcasing his active role in shaping policy.
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